The 3D Scene

This topic describes how to interact with the 3D scene. It is divided into:

• Viewing Object Details
• Locating an Object from the Scene
• Slicing Through the Data
• Measuring in the Scene
• Working With Split Views

How to change the way objects are displayed in the scene is described in a separate topic, Visualising Data.

The best way to navigate the 3D scene in Leapfrog Works is using the mouse. If you are running Leapfrog Works on a laptop, it is recommended that you plug in a mouse rather than using the laptop’s touchpad for navigation. However, you can also navigate in the scene using the keyboard.

Action	Mouse	Keyboard
Changing the viewing angle	Click and drag to rotate the scene	Press the arrow keys to rotate the scene For smaller steps, hold down the Shift key while pressing the arrow keys
Zooming in and out of the scene	Use the scroll wheel Hold the right mouse button while moving the mouse	Press the Page Up or Page Down keys For smaller steps, hold down the Shift key while pressing the Page Up or Page Down keys
Panning the scene	Click and hold both mouse buttons, then drag Hold the scroll wheel and drag	Hold down the Alt key while pressing the arrow keys
Centre an object in the scene	Click the scroll wheel Click both mouse buttons together

Use the Look menu above the scene window to switch to different viewing angles:

If you prefer to navigate using the keyboard, use the following keyboard shortcuts:

Key(s)	Action
Arrow keys	Rotate the scene in 10 degree steps
Shift+Arrow keys	Rotate the scene in 2 degree steps
Home	Reset the view, showing all visible objects in scene
U, D, E, W, N, S	Look Up, Down, East, West, North and South
L	Look at the slicing plane
Shift+L	Look at the back of the slicing plane
M	Look at the moving plane
Shift+M	Look at the back of the moving plane
Ctrl+M	Look down the moving plane pitch
Shift+Ctrl+M	Look up the moving plane pitch
P	Select Perspective view
O	Select Orthographic view
Ctrl+Delete	Clear the scene
Ctrl+B	Bookmark the viewing angle and zoom
B	Display the bookmarked viewing angle and zoom
Ctrl+’	Save the scene
Ctrl+C	Copies the scene to the clipboard. The image can then be pasted into another application, such as an image editor.
Ctrl+/	Add the slicer to the scene. Press Ctrl+/ to remove the slicer from the scene.
Ctrl+;	Add the moving plane to the scene. Press Ctrl+; to remove the moving plane from the scene.

The current viewing angle and scale are displayed in the lower right-hand corner of the scene window:

You can change how the viewing angle and scale are displayed in the Overlays tab of the Settings window.

You can save the current viewing angle as a bookmark by selecting Bookmark Viewing Angle from the Look menu or by pressing Ctrl+B. Restore the bookmark by selecting Look > Restore Bookmark or by pressing B.

The scene window displays a 3D representation of selected data from the project tree. You can add objects from the project tree to the scene in two ways:

• Click on the object and drag it into the scene. Hold down the Shift key or the Ctrl key while clicking to select multiple items, then add them to the scene.
• Right-click on the object and tick the View Object box.

Once you have added objects to the scene window, you can change the appearance of those objects using the controls in the shape list and the shape properties panel.

This is described further in Visualising Data.

All objects in the shape list have a button () that will remove the object from the scene. Most objects also have a visibility button () that can temporarily hide that object in the scene. It is often easier to make an object temporarily invisible than to remove it from the list. Some objects have an edit button () that you can click to begin editing the object.

Viewing Object Details

Clicking on an object in the scene displays a Scene Details panel that contains a summary of the data. For example, here drilling data is displayed in the scene and clicking on a segment displays information about the selected segment. For drilling data, this information includes the hole ID for the selected segment, location information for the interval, the downhole depth and the values for the different data columns in the table:

The column used to display data is shown in the list in bold text, as is the case for the RockType column above.

You can change which columns and evaluations are displayed in the list by clicking on the Edit Details button () and selecting which items you want displayed:

You can keep the Edit Details Filter window open while adding and removing items.

Once you have selected a subset of details, toggle between them using the filter button ():

Here information about a surface is displayed, including the volume, area, number of parts and whether or not the mesh is open or closed:

Many objects will have an Open option you can click on to work on the object. For drilling data tables, doing this will open the table. For contact surfaces, as shown here, doing this will open the surface’s Edit dialog:

From the panel, you can also add comments to the object.

You can display the Scene Details panel docked to the scene or floating. In the examples above, the panel is docked. To float the window, click and hold on its upper edge and drag it. The window will pop out and you can position it where you wish.

To dock the panel, drag it into the lower lefthand corner of the scene until the panel turns transparent. When you release the mouse button, the panel will dock.

Locating an Object from the Scene

When you have a number of objects displayed in the scene, it may not be readily apparent where you can find more information about those objects. The fastest way to locate the object in the project tree is to:

1.   Click on the object in the scene.

This selects the object in the shape list.

2.  Right-click on the object in the shape list.

3.  Select the Go to Project Tree option.

Here, clicking on the I1 surface in the scene selects it in the shape list, and right-clicking on it in the shape list opens the menu containing the Go to Project Tree option:

Slicing Through the Data

The slicer is a powerful tool for revealing data that is concealed behind other objects and for emphasising data. Slicing can be considered a form of dynamic sectioning.

Two buttons in the toolbar can be used to add the slicer to the scene:

You can add the slicer to the scene by clicking the Show slicer button () or (). The slicer will appear in the scene and you can adjust its position using the controls in the shape list.

You can also click the Draw slicer line button () then click and drag in the scene to cut a slice through the scene.

Slicer Properties

You can change the way the slice appears in the scene using the controls in the shape list, and finer controls are available in the shape properties panel:

Slicer Options

Right-click on the slicer in the shape list to view more information about each option:

Remove Front () and Remove Back () will cut through the scene along the slicer and only show sliced objects on the front or back side of the slicer, respectively.

Thick Slice () will display a slice with a Slice width specified in the shape properties, initially with half the width of the slice either side of the slicer plane. To change the thickness of a thick slice, hold down the Ctrl key and the middle mouse button while dragging the mouse. If you have a two-button mouse, hold down the Ctrl key and hold both mouse buttons while dragging.

You can get an asymmetric thick slice with different amounts either side of the slicer plane by dragging the ends of the thickness adjustment control in the properties panel immediately below the Slice width field. Double-click on the thickness adjustment control to zoom in for finer control, and right-click to zoom back out.

Slicer Directions

Align to Camera () will position the slicer parallel to the viewing plane in the scene. Then position the slicer at the desired distance towards you or away from you in the view by holding down the Ctrl key and the right mouse button while dragging the mouse.

The Slice East (X) Axis, Slice North (Y) Axis and Slice Elevation (Z) Axis buttons ( ) will position a slicer orthogonal to the relevant axis. Slice East (X) Axis will set the slicer's dip to 90 and dip azimuth to 270, Slice North (Y) Axis sets the dip to 90 and the dip azimuth to 180. Slice Elevation (Z) Axis sets the dip to 0 and the dip azimuth to 0. Hold down the Ctrl key and the right mouse button while dragging the mouse to reposition the slicer along the axis.

The Centre slicer in scene button () will reposition the slicer parallel to its current position, but closer to the centre of the scene. Hold down the Ctrl key and the right mouse button while dragging the mouse to reposition the slicer parallel to the current orientation.

The Lock to Camera () option locks the slice to the current orientation in the view. Moving the scene moves the objects through the slicer in its locked position.

The Set location to list in the shape properties panel contains options to slice across each of the coordinate axes, plus the options to set a slice at the very top of the model and to position the slicer at the location of any sections displayed in the scene:

Object Slice Mode

When you draw a slice in the scene, how objects in the scene are displayed in relation to the slicer is controlled in the properties panel for that object. For example, here the M_Geology table is selected in order to change how the boreholes are displayed in relation to the slicer:

The From Scene setting is the default; the object is sliced according to the properties set for the slicer.

By changing the Slice mode for objects in the scene, you can illustrate how a model has been constructed. For example, here the AvT volume is displayed sliced, but the other volumes are unsliced, as is the drilling data, and we can see the relationship between the drilling data and the two intrusion surfaces modelled from it:

Slicer Sets

When you have settled on a slicer orientation, you can save the slicer position and give it a name by clicking Create Set in the properties panel. You can also define a Number of slices in front of and/or behind the slicer and parallel to it. Once defined, the Show slicer button changes from to . You can recall a slicer set by clicking the dropdown list indicator next to the Show slicer button () and selecting a slicer set from the list.

Slicer Appearance

In the Settings window, you can change the general appearance of the slicer in the scene. You can change:

• Whether or not the slicer outline is displayed in the scene
• Whether or not additional information about the slicer is displayed for certain slice types
• The appearance of the slicer outline when it is displayed

To make these changes, click on the Leapfrog Works menu and selecting Settings.

In Scene > Overlays, you can show or hide the slicer outline and the slicer position text:

In Scene > Colour Scheme, you can change the slicer’s outline colour and width, along with the line style used for displaying the edge of the slicer.

Slicer Shortcuts

Use the following keyboard shortcuts to control the slicer:

Key(s)	Action
Ctrl+/	Add the slicer to the scene. Press Ctrl+/ to remove the slicer from the scene.
L	Look at the slicing plane
Shift+L	Look at the back of the slicing plane
T	Thick slice ()
F	Remove front ()
K	Remove back ()
Ctrl+V	Orient the slicer to the current view
Ctrl+E	Slice the east (X) axis ()
Ctrl+N	Slice the north (Y) axis ()
Ctrl+D	Slice the elevation (Z) axis ()
Ctrl+L	Lock the slicer to the camera ()
C	Centre the slicer in the scene ()
Ctrl+right mouse button	Move the slicer forward and backward in the scene
Ctrl+middle (or left+right) mouse button	Change the slice width
, (comma)	Step the slicer forward
. (full stop)	Step the slicer backward

Measuring in the Scene

Leapfrog Works has a number of tools for making quantitative measurements in the scene. These include:

• Clicking on an object in the scene. This will open a window containing more information about the object.
• Viewing an object’s properties to determine its size. Right-click on the object in the project tree and select Properties. Information on the size of the object will be displayed in the General tab.
• Using the cursor to determine an approximate location in the scene. See Determining a Location.
• Using the moving plane to measure trends. See The Moving Plane.
• Using the ruler to measure in the scene. See The Ruler.

Determining a Location

The simplest way of measuring an approximate location in the scene is to first display an object in the scene window, then position the cursor over the location. The position of the cursor is displayed at the bottom of the Leapfrog Works window:

The position of the cursor in the scene is calculated using the depth buffer on the graphics card and so is not an exact method of measuring in the scene.

If you require an exact position, click on the object. Leapfrog Works will compute the exact position of the point highlighted in the scene and display it in a pop-up window:

The Moving Plane

In Leapfrog Works, the moving plane is used for measuring planar structures and defining coordinate system orientations. There are two tools in the toolbar that relate to the moving plane:

To use the moving plane, click the Show plane button () and position the plane in the scene. The main axis of the moving plane is defined by the green line. The second axis is defined to be in the plane at right angles (orthogonal) to the main axis. Third axis is perpendicular to the plane.

There are three ways to position the plane. You can:

• Use the handles in the scene window to move the plane. If you cannot see the handles, click on the moving plane.
• Use the Plane controls in the shape properties panel to change the Dip, Dip Azimuth, Pitch and Centre Point.
• Orient the scene to look parallel to the required plane position, then click on the Draw plane line button (). Draw the required line in the scene.

Plane movement can be aligned to the Axes or to the Camera:

• With the Axes option, the handles move in cartesian coordinates. .
• With the Camera option, the handles move relative to the camera angle.

Drawing the plane line is usually the most convenient method of defining a planar structure.

To remove the moving plane from the scene:

• Click the Show plane button ().
• In the shape list, click the delete button () for the moving plane.

Use the following keyboard shortcuts to control the moving plane:

Key(s)	Action
Ctrl+;	Add the moving plane to the scene. Press Ctrl+; to remove the moving plane from the scene.
M	Look at the moving plane
Shift+M	Look at the back of the moving plane
Ctrl+M	Look down the moving plane pitch
Shift+Ctrl+M	Look up the moving plane pitch

The Ruler

You can use the ruler to measure distances in three dimensional space and between boreholes and planned boreholes.

The easiest way to use the ruler is to click on the Ruler button () and click and drag between points in the scene to start making measurements. A ruler line will appear in the scene to indicate the measurement. Information about the distance measured will appear in the scene and in the shape properties panel:

The ruler tool stays active in the scene so you can make as many measurements as required.

You can also measure the distance between boreholes or between boreholes and a point. To do this, add the ruler to the scene, then click on the Calculate Distance button in the shape properties panel. The Distance Calculator window will appear:

You can select both boreholes and planned boreholes. Click Calculate to calculate the distance and update the ruler in the scene. The distance value will appear in the Distance Calculator window.

You can also select a point in the scene by clicking the Select button () in the Distance Calculator window, then clicking in the scene. The location of the point in the scene will appear in the Distance Calculator window.

There are two ways to remove the ruler from the scene:

• Click the Select button ().
• Click the delete button () for the ruler object in the shape list.

Working With Split Views

The Split View button () in the toolbar allows you to view up to two alternative views of the objects displayed in the scene:

The alternative views available are a Plan View or a Zoomed Out view:

You can also open an alternative view in a new tab by choosing the New Split View Tab option:

You can resize the scene and the alternative views and Leapfrog Works will remember the position of each view when you switch to that split view again.

To return to displaying only the scene view, click the Split View button ().

Each alternative view has a toolbar that gives you different options for displaying the view. Use the Enclose Object list to zoom into or out of the alternative view:

The list displayed includes all objects available in the project, plus the clipping boundary and the current scene view.

Click the Visibility button to change what objects from the scene view are visible in the alternative view:

An object must be visible in the scene view’s shape list for its visibility to be controllable from the alternative view’s Edit Visibility list. What this means is that objects hidden in the scene view cannot be made visible in an alternative view.

When the slicer is in the main scene view, you can display the contents of the alternative view sliced or unsliced. Click the View Unsliced button (). The slicer, shown in blue in this image, remains displayed in the alternative views, but the view’s contents are displayed unsliced:

In alternative views, you can display a view window that shows what part of the alternative view is displayed in the scene view. Click the Enable View Window button ():

Each alternative view has a Settings button () that lets you change what overlays are displayed for that view. The alternative view can use the scene view settings, or you can customise the display of the screen grid, axis lines and scale bar: